Joseph Trumpeldor: Difference between revisions

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== Return to Russia and Revolutionary Activities ==

In June 1917, Trumpeldor arrived in Petrograd, the vibrant capital of Russia (at the time), which was bustling between revolutions, and his name, adorned with heroic legends, preceded him. As the Russian Democratic Republic continued to fight on the side of the Western Allies, he campaigned among the Jews and the people of the new Russian government to create a Jewish legion of one hundred thousand men to be sent to the Caucasus front against the Turks and from there to pass through Armenia and Syria, to liberate Israel for the Jews and to lead there the democratic-socialist regime of the Russian Revolution. Meanwhile, together with the writer [https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/1043 Shlomo Zanvil Rapoport] (author of ~~“The Dybbuk”~~), he tried to create a Jewish socialist-national party in Russia, which would serve as a public rearguard for his Zionist-socialist tendencies in relation to Israel and to rebuild the life of the Jews in Russia and transform them from merchants into workers on a voluntary basis. However, the new Russian government was not strong enough to be able to give a major military boost on the Caucasus front, because it also had a war at home against army groups led by royalist generals, who said they would march on the capital and restore the Tsarist regime. Trumpeldor volunteered to lead a battalion against the royalist army in order to save the revolution. However, the royalist army did not come, and instead of a revolution, new revolutions came to Russia, which brought the Bolsheviks to power in the two capitals, Moscow and Petrograd, who were not prepared to continue the war against the enemies from outside. Anti-Semitic agitation and riots against Jews began throughout Russia. Then Trumpeldor organized the liberated Jewish soldiers for a defensive war on the home front against the rioters, and as for the Land of Israel — it must be conquered not by arms but by work, and to this end he founded “[[HaḤalutz]]” and convened his All-Russian Conference in Petrograd (which was soon to change its name to Leningrad), where the ideological and practical foundation for HaḤalutz operation was laid, and later he continued propaganda and work for the HaḤalutz also in the Ukraine, where General Denikin, the martyr, still ruled. An ally of the Western powers.

In June 1917, Trumpeldor arrived in Petrograd, the vibrant capital of Russia (at the time), which was bustling between revolutions, and his name, adorned with heroic legends, preceded him. As the Russian Democratic Republic continued to fight on the side of the Western Allies, he campaigned among the Jews and the people of the new Russian government to create a Jewish legion of one hundred thousand men to be sent to the Caucasus front against the Turks and from there to pass through Armenia and Syria, to liberate Israel for the Jews and to lead there the democratic-socialist regime of the Russian Revolution. Meanwhile, together with the writer [https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/1043 Shlomo Zanvil Rapoport] (author of ''The Dybbuk''), he tried to create a Jewish socialist-national party in Russia, which would serve as a public rearguard for his Zionist-socialist tendencies in relation to Israel and to rebuild the life of the Jews in Russia and transform them from merchants into workers on a voluntary basis. However, the new Russian government was not strong enough to be able to give a major military boost on the Caucasus front, because it also had a war at home against army groups led by royalist generals, who said they would march on the capital and restore the Tsarist regime. Trumpeldor volunteered to lead a battalion against the royalist army in order to save the revolution. However, the royalist army did not come, and instead of a revolution, new revolutions came to Russia, which brought the Bolsheviks to power in the two capitals, Moscow and Petrograd, who were not prepared to continue the war against the enemies from outside. Anti-Semitic agitation and riots against Jews began throughout Russia. Then Trumpeldor organized the liberated Jewish soldiers for a defensive war on the home front against the rioters, and as for the Land of Israel — it must be conquered not by arms but by work, and to this end he founded [[HaḤalutz]] and convened his All-Russian Conference in Petrograd (which was soon to change its name to Leningrad), where the ideological and practical foundation for HaḤalutz operation was laid, and later he continued propaganda and work for the HaḤalutz also in the Ukraine, where General Denikin, the martyr, still ruled. An ally of the Western powers.

=== Challenges Under Bolshevik Rule ===

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 == Return to Russia and Revolutionary Activities ==
-In June 1917, Trumpeldor arrived in Petrograd, the vibrant capital of Russia (at the time), which was bustling between revolutions, and his name, adorned with heroic legends, preceded him. As the Russian Democratic Republic continued to fight on the side of the Western Allies, he campaigned among the Jews and the people of the new Russian government to create a Jewish legion of one hundred thousand men to be sent to the Caucasus front against the Turks and from there to pass through Armenia and Syria, to liberate Israel for the Jews and to lead there the democratic-socialist regime of the Russian Revolution. Meanwhile, together with the writer [https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/1043 Shlomo Zanvil Rapoport] (author of “The Dybbuk”), he tried to create a Jewish socialist-national party in Russia, which would serve as a public rearguard for his Zionist-socialist tendencies in relation to Israel and to rebuild the life of the Jews in Russia and transform them from merchants into workers on a voluntary basis. However, the new Russian government was not strong enough to be able to give a major military boost on the Caucasus front, because it also had a war at home against army groups led by royalist generals, who said they would march on the capital and restore the Tsarist regime. Trumpeldor volunteered to lead a battalion against the royalist army in order to save the revolution. However, the royalist army did not come, and instead of a revolution, new revolutions came to Russia, which brought the Bolsheviks to power in the two capitals, Moscow and Petrograd, who were not prepared to continue the war against the enemies from outside. Anti-Semitic agitation and riots against Jews began throughout Russia. Then Trumpeldor organized the liberated Jewish soldiers for a defensive war on the home front against the rioters, and as for the Land of Israel — it must be conquered not by arms but by work, and to this end he founded “[[HaḤalutz]]” and convened his All-Russian Conference in Petrograd (which was soon to change its name to Leningrad), where the ideological and practical foundation for HaḤalutz operation was laid, and later he continued propaganda and work for the HaḤalutz also in the Ukraine, where General Denikin, the martyr, still ruled. An ally of the Western powers.
+In June 1917, Trumpeldor arrived in Petrograd, the vibrant capital of Russia (at the time), which was bustling between revolutions, and his name, adorned with heroic legends, preceded him. As the Russian Democratic Republic continued to fight on the side of the Western Allies, he campaigned among the Jews and the people of the new Russian government to create a Jewish legion of one hundred thousand men to be sent to the Caucasus front against the Turks and from there to pass through Armenia and Syria, to liberate Israel for the Jews and to lead there the democratic-socialist regime of the Russian Revolution. Meanwhile, together with the writer [https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/1043 Shlomo Zanvil Rapoport] (author of ''The Dybbuk''), he tried to create a Jewish socialist-national party in Russia, which would serve as a public rearguard for his Zionist-socialist tendencies in relation to Israel and to rebuild the life of the Jews in Russia and transform them from merchants into workers on a voluntary basis. However, the new Russian government was not strong enough to be able to give a major military boost on the Caucasus front, because it also had a war at home against army groups led by royalist generals, who said they would march on the capital and restore the Tsarist regime. Trumpeldor volunteered to lead a battalion against the royalist army in order to save the revolution. However, the royalist army did not come, and instead of a revolution, new revolutions came to Russia, which brought the Bolsheviks to power in the two capitals, Moscow and Petrograd, who were not prepared to continue the war against the enemies from outside. Anti-Semitic agitation and riots against Jews began throughout Russia. Then Trumpeldor organized the liberated Jewish soldiers for a defensive war on the home front against the rioters, and as for the Land of Israel — it must be conquered not by arms but by work, and to this end he founded [[HaḤalutz]] and convened his All-Russian Conference in Petrograd (which was soon to change its name to Leningrad), where the ideological and practical foundation for HaḤalutz operation was laid, and later he continued propaganda and work for the HaḤalutz also in the Ukraine, where General Denikin, the martyr, still ruled. An ally of the Western powers.
 === Challenges Under Bolshevik Rule ===