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Egypt's blockade of the straits of Tiran

Around noon on May 22, Nasser announced that Egypt would close the Straits of Tiran to “all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials” to Eilat.^[1] Those “strategic goods” included, amongst other things, oil shipments from Iran, which constituted 90% of Israel’s overall oil supply.^[2] The blockade prevented all oil shipments from arriving.^[3] This move was widely regarded by Israel, the US and the “international community” as a casus belli^[4] an act or situation provoking or justifying war. It was seen as the “decisive act that made war inevitable”.^[5] Nasser, in his speech on May 29, went even further with this act that already legally justified war, and stated that the issue was Israel’s “existence,” not merely the Straits of Tiran.^[6]

References

↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Popp 2006, p. 285); (Yemini 2017, p. 249)
↑ (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 224)
↑ (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 27)
↑ (Bregman 2016, p. 393); (Mattar 2005, p. 31); (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Fraser 2018, p. 81); (Cattan 1969, p. 103); (Zipperstein 2024, p. 272); (ربيع 1983, p. 296); (Barker 2023, p. 18); (كميل حبيب. 2002, p. 132); (Aron 2002, p. 133); (أحمد 1993, p. 62); (Shemesh 2008, p. 118); (رفعت سيد أحمد. and أحمد، رفعت سيد. 1993, p. 63); (Ruys 2010, p. 277); (شلش 2023, p. 568); (Kubic 2017, p. 145); (Abu-Jaber 1968, p. 13); (Bowett and Petersen 1971, p. 20); (Medzini 2020, p. 134); (Knorr and Morgan, p. 135); (Gat 2005, p. 611); (Aronson 2000, p. 92); (Levitan 2025, p. 8); (Sicker 2001, p. 222–223); (Harris 1983, p. 312); (Shalom 2008, p. 381); (Sandler and Hartley 2003, p. 370); (Gat 2013, p. 615); (Gluska 2007, p. 153); (Evron 2005, p. 44); (Aronson 2010, p. 338); (Affairs 1967, p. 58); (Rikhye 2013, p. 80); (Gelpi 2010, p. 141); (Govrin 2013, p. 313); (Hay 2012, p. 69); (Rabinovich 2009, p. 21); (Hinnebusch 2015); (Sandler 2017, p. 100); (Relations 1975, p. 8–9); (Teveth 1969, p. 19); (Hammond and Alexander 1972, p. 149); (Bar-Siman-Tov 1987, p. 97); (Sela 2002, p. 284); (Arad and Smernoff 1975); ( 2007)
↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306)
↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306)

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Shemesh, M. (2008). Arab politics, Palestinian nationalism and the Six Day War: the crystallization of Arab strategy and Nasir’s descent to war, 1957-1967. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-83624-047-1.
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Sicker, M. (28 February 2001). The Middle East in the Twentieth Century. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-275-96893-9.
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Yemini, B.-D. (2017). Industry of lies: media, academia, and the Israeli-Arab conflict. Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy. ISBN 978-1-9790-6143-8.
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أحمد, ر. س. (1993). الصراع المائي: الأبعاد الكاملة للصراع حول الماء بين العرب و إسرائيل : الداقع د المستقبل. دار الهدا،. ISBN 978-977-5340-04-7.
جمسي, م. ع. ا. (1990). مذكرات الجمسي: حرب اكتوبر 1973 (الطبعة 1 ed.). المانشورات الشرقية.
حديدي, ص. ا. (1974). شاهد على حرب 67. دار الشروق.
ربيع, د. ح. (1 August 1983). نظرية الأمن القومي العربي والتطور المعاصر للتعامل الدولي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط. مركز الحضارة للدراسات والبحوث.
رفعت سيد أحمد., أحمد، رفعت سيد. (1993). الصراع المائي: الأبعاد الكاملة للصراع حول الماء بين العرب وإسرائيل : الواقع والمستقبل (الطبعة 1 ed.). دار الهدى،. {{cite book}}: Vancouver style error: punctuation in name 1 (help)
شلش, ب. م. (2023). شيءٌ عابر...: نابلس تحت الاحتلال (حزيران/ يونيو 1967 - آذار/ مارس 1969) - مذكرات ووثائق حمدي طاهر كنعان. المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات. ISBN 978-614-445-553-1.
صلاح الدين حديدي., حديدي، صلاح الدين. (1984). شاهد على حرب اليمن (الطبعة 1 ed.). مكتبة مدبولي،. ISBN 978-977-13-3028-8. {{cite book}}: Vancouver style error: punctuation in name 1 (help)
فوزي, م. (1983). حرب الثلاث سنوات، 1967/1970 :‏ ‏مذكرات الفريق أول محمد فوزي، وزير الحربية الأسبق (الطبعة 1 ed.). ‏دار المستقبل العربي.
كميل حبيب. (2002). السلم الإسرائيلي المسلح في أساسه وأهدافه. المؤسسة الحديثة للكتاب. {{cite book}}: Vancouver style error: punctuation in name 1 (help)
مرتجي, ع. ا. ك. (1976). الفريق مرتجي يروي الحقائق: قائد جبهة سيناء في حرب 1967. الوطن العربي.
مظهر, س. (1990). اعترافات قادة حرب يونيو : نصوص شهاداتهم امام لجنة تسجيل تاريخ الثورة. دار الحرية للصحافة والطباعة والنشر.
"The Sinai Campaign and after". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Macmillan Reference US. 2007. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2.

↑ "Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (Routledge Revivals)". Taylor & Francis. 2014-06-03. doi:10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron. Archived from the original on 2024-08-08.
↑ Ferris, Jesse (2012). Nasser's Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16343-7.
↑ Gat, Moshe (December 2005). "Nasser and the Six Day War, 5 June 1967: A Premeditated Strategy or An Inexorable Drift to War?". Israel Affairs. 11 (4): 608–635. doi:10.1080/13537120500233714. ISSN 1353-7121.
↑ Gat, Moshe (1 October 2013). "Anatomy of decline: Anglo-Soviet competition in the Middle East, 1956–67". Israel Affairs. 19 (4): 603–622. doi:10.1080/13537121.2013.829610. ISSN 1353-7121.
↑ Gluska, Ami (2007-02-12). The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War (1st ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203965962. ISBN 978-1-134-16377-9.
↑ Goldstein, Yossi (2018-09-03). "The Six Day War: the war that no one wanted". Israel Affairs. 24 (5): 767–784. doi:10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475. ISSN 1353-7121.
↑ Govrin, Yosef (2013). Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption. Cummings Center Series. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-25662-3.
↑ Hammond, Paul Y.; Alexander, Sidney S., eds. (1972). Political dynamics in the Middle East. The Middle East: Economic and political problems and prospects. New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-444-00110-8.
↑ Harris, D. J. (1983). Cases and materials on international law. United Nations, International Court of Justice (3rd ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 978-0-421-29270-3.
↑ Hay, Jeff (2012). The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War. Perspectives on Modern World History Ser. New York, NY: Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-0-7377-6799-5.
↑ Kanovsky, E. (1968). "The Economic Aftermath of the Six Day War". Middle East Journal. 22 (2): 131–143. ISSN 0026-3141.
↑ Kubic, Milan J. (2017). From Prague to Jerusalem: An Uncommon Journey of a Journalist. Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-87580-764-5.
↑ Lall, Arthur Samuel (1970). The UN and the Middle East crisis, 1967. A Columbia paperback, 103. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-08635-6.
↑ Levitan, Nir (2025-05-04). "In the eye of the storm: Odd Bull and the outbreak of the 1967 war". Israel Affairs. 31 (3): 404–415. doi:10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411. ISSN 1353-7121.
↑ Mattar, Philip (2005). Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.
↑ Medzini, Meron (2020). Golda Meir: a reference guide to her life and works. Significant figures in world history. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2288-4.
↑ Naor, Arye (July 2006). "Civil–Military Relations and Strategic Goal Setting in the Six Day War". Israel Affairs. 12 (3): 395–411. doi:10.1080/13537120600744610. ISSN 1353-7121.
↑ Oren, Michael B. (2002). Six days of war: June 1967 and the making of the modern Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515174-9.
↑ Popp, Roland (2006). "Stumbling Decidedly into the Six-Day War". Middle East Journal. 60 (2): 281–309. ISSN 0026-3141.
↑ Rabin, Yitzhak; Rabin, Yitzhak (1979). The Rabin memoirs. Herman Wouk Collection (Library of Congress) (1st English ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-73002-0.
↑ Rabinovits, Itamar (1999). The brink of peace: the Israeli-Syrian negotiations. Princeton, New Jersey Chichester, West Sussex: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2265-2.
↑ Relations, Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim Leonard Davis Institute for International (1975). Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems.
↑ Rikhye, Major General Indar Jit (2013). The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the United Nations Emergency Force Leading. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-27978-2.

[1] (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Popp 2006, p. 285); (Yemini 2017, p. 249)

[2] (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 224)

[3] (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 27)

[4] (Bregman 2016, p. 393); (Mattar 2005, p. 31); (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Fraser 2018, p. 81); (Cattan 1969, p. 103); (Zipperstein 2024, p. 272); (ربيع 1983, p. 296); (Barker 2023, p. 18); (كميل حبيب. 2002, p. 132); (Aron 2002, p. 133); (أحمد 1993, p. 62); (Shemesh 2008, p. 118); (رفعت سيد أحمد. and أحمد، رفعت سيد. 1993, p. 63); (Ruys 2010, p. 277); (شلش 2023, p. 568); (Kubic 2017, p. 145); (Abu-Jaber 1968, p. 13); (Bowett and Petersen 1971, p. 20); (Medzini 2020, p. 134); (Knorr and Morgan, p. 135); (Gat 2005, p. 611); (Aronson 2000, p. 92); (Levitan 2025, p. 8); (Sicker 2001, p. 222–223); (Harris 1983, p. 312); (Shalom 2008, p. 381); (Sandler and Hartley 2003, p. 370); (Gat 2013, p. 615); (Gluska 2007, p. 153); (Evron 2005, p. 44); (Aronson 2010, p. 338); (Affairs 1967, p. 58); (Rikhye 2013, p. 80); (Gelpi 2010, p. 141); (Govrin 2013, p. 313); (Hay 2012, p. 69); (Rabinovich 2009, p. 21); (Hinnebusch 2015); (Sandler 2017, p. 100); (Relations 1975, p. 8–9); (Teveth 1969, p. 19); (Hammond and Alexander 1972, p. 149); (Bar-Siman-Tov 1987, p. 97); (Sela 2002, p. 284); (Arad and Smernoff 1975); ( 2007)

[5] (Morris 1999, p. 306)

[6] (Morris 1999, p. 306)

[7] "Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (Routledge Revivals)". Taylor & Francis. 2014-06-03. doi:10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron. Archived from the original on 2024-08-08.

[8] Ferris, Jesse (2012). Nasser's Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16343-7.

[9] Gat, Moshe (December 2005). "Nasser and the Six Day War, 5 June 1967: A Premeditated Strategy or An Inexorable Drift to War?". Israel Affairs. 11 (4): 608–635. doi:10.1080/13537120500233714. ISSN 1353-7121.

[10] Gat, Moshe (1 October 2013). "Anatomy of decline: Anglo-Soviet competition in the Middle East, 1956–67". Israel Affairs. 19 (4): 603–622. doi:10.1080/13537121.2013.829610. ISSN 1353-7121.

[11] Gluska, Ami (2007-02-12). The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War (1st ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203965962. ISBN 978-1-134-16377-9.

[12] Goldstein, Yossi (2018-09-03). "The Six Day War: the war that no one wanted". Israel Affairs. 24 (5): 767–784. doi:10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475. ISSN 1353-7121.

[13] Govrin, Yosef (2013). Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption. Cummings Center Series. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-25662-3.

[14] Hammond, Paul Y.; Alexander, Sidney S., eds. (1972). Political dynamics in the Middle East. The Middle East: Economic and political problems and prospects. New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-444-00110-8.

[15] Harris, D. J. (1983). Cases and materials on international law. United Nations, International Court of Justice (3rd ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 978-0-421-29270-3.

[16] Hay, Jeff (2012). The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War. Perspectives on Modern World History Ser. New York, NY: Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-0-7377-6799-5.

[17] Kanovsky, E. (1968). "The Economic Aftermath of the Six Day War". Middle East Journal. 22 (2): 131–143. ISSN 0026-3141.

[18] Kubic, Milan J. (2017). From Prague to Jerusalem: An Uncommon Journey of a Journalist. Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-87580-764-5.

[19] Lall, Arthur Samuel (1970). The UN and the Middle East crisis, 1967. A Columbia paperback, 103. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-08635-6.

[20] Levitan, Nir (2025-05-04). "In the eye of the storm: Odd Bull and the outbreak of the 1967 war". Israel Affairs. 31 (3): 404–415. doi:10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411. ISSN 1353-7121.

[21] Mattar, Philip (2005). Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.

[22] Medzini, Meron (2020). Golda Meir: a reference guide to her life and works. Significant figures in world history. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2288-4.

[23] Naor, Arye (July 2006). "Civil–Military Relations and Strategic Goal Setting in the Six Day War". Israel Affairs. 12 (3): 395–411. doi:10.1080/13537120600744610. ISSN 1353-7121.

[24] Oren, Michael B. (2002). Six days of war: June 1967 and the making of the modern Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515174-9.

[25] Popp, Roland (2006). "Stumbling Decidedly into the Six-Day War". Middle East Journal. 60 (2): 281–309. ISSN 0026-3141.

[26] Rabin, Yitzhak; Rabin, Yitzhak (1979). The Rabin memoirs. Herman Wouk Collection (Library of Congress) (1st English ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-73002-0.

[27] Rabinovits, Itamar (1999). The brink of peace: the Israeli-Syrian negotiations. Princeton, New Jersey Chichester, West Sussex: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2265-2.

[28] Relations, Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim Leonard Davis Institute for International (1975). Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems.

[29] Rikhye, Major General Indar Jit (2013). The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the United Nations Emergency Force Leading. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-27978-2.

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@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 * {{citation |url=http://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA307410 |title=Six Days in 1967 ... operational art in the Sinai. |publisher=Defense Technical Information Center |date=12 February 1996}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Eban |first=Abba Solomon |url=https://archive.org/details/abbaebanautobiog00ebanrich |title=Abba Eban: an autobiography |date=1977 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-49302-2 |edition=1st |location=New York}}
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Evron, Y.)) |date=28 July 2005 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |title=Israel’s Nuclear Dilemma |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-84018-2}}
+* <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014-06-03 |title=Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (Routledge Revivals) |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |journal=Taylor & Francis |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240808000538/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |archive-date=2024-08-08}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Ferris, J.)) |date=2012 |url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691155142/nassers-gamble |title=Nasser’s Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16343-7}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ferris |first=Jesse |url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691155142/nassers-gamble |title=Nasser's Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power |date=2012 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16343-7 |location=Princeton}}</ref>
 * {{cite book |vauthors=((Fraser, T.)) |date=25 August 2018 |url=https://archive.org/details/arabisraeliconfl0000fras_k8n5 |title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-137-38745-5}}
-* {{cite journal | vauthors=((Gat, M.)) | journal=Israel Affairs | title=Nasser and the Six Day War, 5 June 1967: A Premeditated Strategy or An Inexorable Drift to War? | volume=11 | issue=4 | pages=608–635 | publisher=Routledge | date= December 2005 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537120500233714 | issn=1353-7121 | doi=10.1080/13537120500233714 | access-date=18 June 2025}}
+* <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gat |first=Moshe |date=December 2005 |title=Nasser and the Six Day War, 5 June 1967: A Premeditated Strategy or An Inexorable Drift to War? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537120500233714 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=608–635 |doi=10.1080/13537120500233714 |issn=1353-7121}}</ref>
-* {{cite journal | vauthors=((Gat, M.)) | journal=Israel Affairs | title=Anatomy of decline: Anglo-Soviet competition in the Middle East, 1956–67 | volume=19 | issue=4 | pages=603–622 | publisher=Routledge | date=1 October 2013 | url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2013.829610 | issn=1353-7121 | doi=10.1080/13537121.2013.829610 | access-date=9 July 2025}}
+* <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gat |first=Moshe |date=1 October 2013 |title=Anatomy of decline: Anglo-Soviet competition in the Middle East, 1956–67 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537121.2013.829610 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=603–622 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2013.829610 |issn=1353-7121}}</ref>
 * {{cite book |vauthors=((Gelpi, C.)) |date=10 January 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/poweroflegitimac0000gelp |title=The Power of Legitimacy: Assessing the Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-14671-3}}
-* {{cite book | vauthors=((Gluska, A.)) | date=12 February 2007 | title=The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War: Government, Armed Forces and Defence Policy 1963–67 | publisher=Routledge | series=Middle eastern military studies | url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203965962 | isbn=978-1-134-16377-9}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gluska |first=Ami |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134163779 |title=The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War |date=2007-02-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-16377-9 |edition=1st |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780203965962}}</ref>
-* {{cite journal | vauthors=((Goldstein, Y.)) | journal=Israel Affairs | title=The Six Day War: the war that no one wanted | volume=24 | issue=5 | pages=767–784 | publisher=Routledge | date=3 September 2018 | url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 | issn=1353-7121 | doi=10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 | access-date=9 July 2025}}
+* <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goldstein |first=Yossi |date=2018-09-03 |title=The Six Day War: the war that no one wanted |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=767–784 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 |issn=1353-7121}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Govrin, Y.)) |date=18 October 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/israelisovietrel0000govr |title=Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-25662-3}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Govrin |first=Yosef |title=Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-1-135-25662-3 |series=Cummings Center Series |location=Hoboken}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Hammond, P. Y.)), ((Alexander, S. S.)) |date=1972 |url=https://archive.org/details/politicaldynamic0000unse_u7j3 |title=Political Dynamics in the Middle East |publisher=American Elsevier Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-444-00110-8}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/politicaldynamic0000unse_u7j3 |title=Political dynamics in the Middle East |date=1972 |publisher=American Elsevier Pub. Co |isbn=978-0-444-00110-8 |editor-last=Hammond |editor-first=Paul Y. |series=The Middle East: Economic and political problems and prospects |location=New York |editor-last2=Alexander |editor-first2=Sidney S.}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Harris, D. J.)) |date=1983 |url=https://archive.org/details/casesmaterialson0000harr_t6r7 |title=Cases and materials on international law |publisher=Sweet & Maxwell |isbn=978-0-421-29270-3}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=D. J. |title=Cases and materials on international law |date=1983 |publisher=Sweet & Maxwell |others=United Nations, International Court of Justice |isbn=978-0-421-29270-3 |edition=3rd |location=London}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Hay, J.)) |date=28 December 2012 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Arab_Israeli_Six_Day_War/zoBmDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War |publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC |isbn=978-0-7377-6799-5}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hay |first=Jeff |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Arab_Israeli_Six_Day_War/zoBmDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War |date=2012 |publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC |isbn=978-0-7377-6799-5 |series=Perspectives on Modern World History Ser |location=New York, NY}}</ref>
-* {{cite journal | vauthors=((Kanovsky, E.)) | journal=Middle East Journal | title=The Economic Aftermath of the Six Day War | volume=22 | issue=2 | pages=131–143 | publisher=Middle East Institute | date= 1968 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4324262 | issn=0026-3141 | access-date=9 July 2025}}
+* <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kanovsky |first=E. |date=1968 |title=The Economic Aftermath of the Six Day War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4324262 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=131–143 |issn=0026-3141}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Kimche, D.)), ((Bawley, D.)) |date=1968 |url=https://archive.org/details/sandstorm0000unse/mode/2up |title=The sandstorm: the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967: prelude and aftermath |publisher=Stein and Day}}
+* {{cite book |last2=Bawley |first2=Dan |date=1968 |last=Kimche |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/sandstorm0000unse/mode/2up |title=The sandstorm: the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967: prelude and aftermath |publisher=Stein and Day}}
 * {{cite book |vauthors=((Knorr, K. E.)), ((Morgan, P. M.)) |url=https://archive.org/details/strategicmilitar0000unse_s1y5 |title=Strategic Military Surprise: Iniciatives and Opportunities |date=1983 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1-4128-3521-3}}
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Kubic, M.)) |date=22 August 2017 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_Prague_to_Jerusalem/_gLntAEACAAJ?hl=en |title=From Prague to Jerusalem: An Uncommon Journey of a Journalist |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-1-5017-5703-7}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubic |first=Milan J. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_Prague_to_Jerusalem/_gLntAEACAAJ?hl=en |title=From Prague to Jerusalem: An Uncommon Journey of a Journalist |date=2017 |publisher=Northern Illinois University Press |isbn=978-0-87580-764-5 |language=en}}</ref>
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Lall, A. S.)) |date=1968 |url=https://archive.org/details/unmiddleeastcris0000lall_a7c1 |title=The UN and the Middle East Crisis, 1967 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-08635-6}}
+* <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lall |first=Arthur Samuel |url=https://archive.org/details/unmiddleeastcris0000lall_a7c1 |title=The UN and the Middle East crisis, 1967 |date=1970 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-08635-6 |edition= |series=A Columbia paperback, 103 |location=New York}}</ref>
 * {{cite book | vauthors=((Laqueur, W.)) | date= 1969 | title=The road to war: the origin and aftermath of the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1967/8 | publisher=Harmondsworth, Penguin | url=http://archive.org/details/roadtowar0000unse}}
 *{{cite book |url=https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719095252/ |title=The international politics of the Middle East: Second edition |vauthors=((Hinnebusch, R.)) |date=1 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-1-78499-202-6}}
-*{{cite journal |vauthors=((Levitan, N.)) |date=4 May 2025 |title=In the eye of the storm: Odd Bull and the outbreak of the 1967 war |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411 |journal=Israel Affairs |publisher=Routledge |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=404–415 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411 |issn=1353-7121 |access-date=9 July 2025}}
+*<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levitan |first=Nir |date=2025-05-04 |title=In the eye of the storm: Odd Bull and the outbreak of the 1967 war |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |publisher= |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=404–415 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411 |issn=1353-7121}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpa0000unse |title=Encyclopedia of the Palestinians |vauthors=((Mattar, P.)) |date=2005 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-6986-6}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mattar |first=Philip |title=Encyclopedia of the Palestinians |date=2005 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-6986-6 |location=New York}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/golda-meir-9781538122884/ |title=Golda Meir: A Reference Guide to Her Life and Works |vauthors=((Medzini, M.)) |date=22 October 2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-1-5381-2288-4}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Medzini |first=Meron |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/golda-meir-9781538122884/ |title=Golda Meir: a reference guide to her life and works |date=2020 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2288-4 |series=Significant figures in world history |location=Lanham}}</ref>
 *<{{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Benny |url=https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims0000morr/mode/2up |title=Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881-1999 |date=1999 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-42120-7 |edition=1st |location=New York}}
-*{{cite journal |vauthors=((Naor, A.)) |date=1 July 2006 |title=Civil–Military Relations and Strategic Goal Setting in the Six Day War |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13537120600744610 |journal=Israel Affairs |publisher=Routledge |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=395–411 |doi=10.1080/13537120600744610 |issn=1353-7121 |access-date=9 July 2025}}
+*<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Naor |first=Arye |date=July 2006 |title=Civil–Military Relations and Strategic Goal Setting in the Six Day War |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537120600744610 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=395–411 |doi=10.1080/13537120600744610 |issn=1353-7121}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7 |title=Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East |vauthors=((Oren, M. B.)) |date=2017 |publisher=Presidio Press |isbn=978-0-345-46192-6}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oren |first=Michael B. |url=https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7 |title=Six days of war: June 1967 and the making of the modern Middle East |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-515174-9 |location=Oxford}}</ref>
-*{{cite journal |vauthors=((Popp, R.)) |date=1 April 2006 |title=Stumbling Decidedly into the Six-Day War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4330250 |journal=Middle East Journal |publisher=Middle East Institute |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=281–309 |doi=10.3751/194034606783996500 |issn=0026-3141 |access-date=12 June 2025}}
+*<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Popp |first=Roland |date=2006 |title=Stumbling Decidedly into the Six-Day War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4330250 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=281–309 |issn=0026-3141}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/rabinmemoirs0000rabi_h7u6 |title=The Rabin memoirs |vauthors=((Rabin, Y.)) |date=1979 |publisher=Boston : Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-73002-0}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rabin |first=Yitzhak |url=http://archive.org/details/rabinmemoirs0000rabi_h7u6 |title=The Rabin memoirs |last2=Rabin |first2=Yitzhak |date=1979 |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |others=Herman Wouk Collection (Library of Congress) |isbn=978-0-316-73002-0 |edition=1st English |location=Boston}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |title=The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations |vauthors=((Rabinovich, I.)) |date=1 July 2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-2265-2}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rabinovits |first=Itamar |title=The brink of peace: the Israeli-Syrian negotiations |date=1999 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-2265-2 |location=Princeton, New Jersey Chichester, West Sussex}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jerusalem_Papers_on_Peace_Problems/FLkzAAAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems |vauthors=((Relations, U. ha-ʻIvrit bi-Y. L. D. I. for I.)) |date=1975}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Relations |first=Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim Leonard Davis Institute for International |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jerusalem_Papers_on_Peace_Problems/FLkzAAAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems |date=1975 |language=en}}</ref>
-*{{cite book |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203061527/sinai-blunder-major-general-indar-jit-rikhye |title=The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the United Nations Emergency Force Leading.... |vauthors=((Rikhye, M. G. I. J.)) |date=28 October 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-27978-2}}
+*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rikhye |first=Major General Indar Jit |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203061527/sinai-blunder-major-general-indar-jit-rikhye |title=The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the United Nations Emergency Force Leading |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-1-136-27978-2 |location=Hoboken}}</ref>
 *{{cite journal |vauthors=((Rodman, D.)) |date=1 March 2000 |title=Patterns of war initiation in the Arab‐Israeli conflict: A note on the military dimension |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13537120008719575 |journal=Israel Affairs |publisher=Routledge |volume=6 |issue=3–4 |pages=115–128 |doi=10.1080/13537120008719575 |issn=1353-7121 |access-date=30 June 2025}}
 *{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Armed_Attack_and_Article_51_of_the_UN_Ch/mjok10qoh2cC? |title=“Armed Attack” and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice |vauthors=((Ruys, T.)) |date=25 November 2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-49483-0}}