User:Project Herzl/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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# United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) reports: General Odd Bull, who was the Head of the UNTSO, issued a memorandum to the UN Secretary-General, U Thant, which unequivocally stated that there was no evidence of Israeli force concentrations on either side of the Israeli-Syrian border.<ref>{{harv|Gat|2003|p=187}}; {{harv|Gat|2005|p=620}}</ref> UN Secretary-General U Thant said “Reports from UNTSO observers have confirmed the absence of troop concentrations and significant troop movements on both sides of the line”<ref>{{harv|Yost|1968|p=309}}</ref>

# American military intelligence: Lieutenant Commander L.P. Blasch, the American military attaché stationed in northern Israel, reported that “We have no reports, thus far, of any buildup”.<ref>{{harv|Bull|1976|p=104}}</ref> Nasser knew about this report<ref>{{harv|Yost|1968|p=309}}</ref>

# Egyptian Chief of Staff’s direct observation and report: General Mouhamad Fawzi, the Egyptian Chief of Staff, was sent to Damascus to verify persistent Syrian complaints about Israeli troop concentrations. Fawzi closely studied aerial photos of the border with Syrian Chief of Staff Ahmad Suweidani<ref>{{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and personally surveyed the border<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=305}}; {{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and found no sign of IDF concentrations anywhere. He later recalled “I did not find any concrete evidence to support the information received. On the contrary, aerial photographs taken by Syrian reconnaissance on 12 and 13 May showed no change in normal [Israeli] military positions”.<ref>{{harv|~~El-~~Gamasy|1993|p=23}}</ref> Upon his return, Fawzi reported directly to Nasser “There is nothing there. No massing of forces. Nothing.”<ref>{{harv|مظهر|1990|p=110}}</ref>

# Egyptian Chief of Staff’s direct observation and report: General Mouhamad Fawzi, the Egyptian Chief of Staff, was sent to Damascus to verify persistent Syrian complaints about Israeli troop concentrations. Fawzi closely studied aerial photos of the border with Syrian Chief of Staff Ahmad Suweidani<ref>{{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and personally surveyed the border<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=305}}; {{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and found no sign of IDF concentrations anywhere. He later recalled “I did not find any concrete evidence to support the information received. On the contrary, aerial photographs taken by Syrian reconnaissance on 12 and 13 May showed no change in normal [Israeli] military positions”.<ref>{{harv|Gamasy|1993|p=23}}</ref> Upon his return, Fawzi reported directly to Nasser “There is nothing there. No massing of forces. Nothing.”<ref>{{harv|مظهر|1990|p=110}}</ref>

# Chief of Egypt’s military intelligence assessment: Chief of Egypt’s military intelligence, Lt. Gen. Muhammad Ahmad Sadiq, who sent several Israeli Arabs to reconnoiter Northern Galilee said “There are no force concentrations. Nor is there justification, tactical or strategic, for such concentrations.”<ref>{{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref>

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* {{Cite book |last=Affairs |first=New Zealand Department of External |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/External_Affairs_Review/8Oc1AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=External Affairs Review |date=1967 |publisher=Department of External Affairs |language=en}}

* {{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Arab_World/kbEMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Arab World |first1= Kamel |last1= Abu-Jaber |date=1968 |publisher=Arab Information Center}}

* {{Cite book |last=~~Jamasī~~ |first=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ghanī |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_October_War/jYVtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The October war: memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt |date=1993 |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |isbn=978-977-424-316-5 |location=Cairo, Egypt}}

* {{Cite book |last=Gamasy |first=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ghanī |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_October_War/jYVtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The October war: memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt |date=1993 |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |isbn=978-977-424-316-5 |location=Cairo, Egypt}}

* {{Cite book |last=ربيع |first=د حامد |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84/uMelEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=نظرية الأمن القومي العربي والتطور المعاصر للتعامل الدولي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط |publisher=مركز الحضارة للدراسات والبحوث |year= 2022| language=ar}}

* {{Cite book |last=Arad |first=Uzi B. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Security_and_the_International/54DtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=American Security and the International Energy Situation: Final Report |last2=Smernoff |first2=Barry J. |date=1975 |publisher=National Technical Information Service |language=en}}

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 # United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) reports: General Odd Bull, who was the Head of the UNTSO, issued a memorandum to the UN Secretary-General, U Thant, which unequivocally stated that there was no evidence of Israeli force concentrations on either side of the Israeli-Syrian border.<ref>{{harv|Gat|2003|p=187}}; {{harv|Gat|2005|p=620}}</ref> UN Secretary-General U Thant said “Reports from UNTSO observers have confirmed the absence of troop concentrations and significant troop movements on both sides of the line”<ref>{{harv|Yost|1968|p=309}}</ref>
 # American military intelligence: Lieutenant Commander L.P. Blasch, the American military attaché stationed in northern Israel, reported that “We have no reports, thus far, of any buildup”.<ref>{{harv|Bull|1976|p=104}}</ref> Nasser knew about this report<ref>{{harv|Yost|1968|p=309}}</ref>
-# Egyptian Chief of Staff’s direct observation and report: General Mouhamad Fawzi, the Egyptian Chief of Staff, was sent to Damascus to verify persistent Syrian complaints about Israeli troop concentrations. Fawzi closely studied aerial photos of the border with Syrian Chief of Staff Ahmad Suweidani<ref>{{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and personally surveyed the border<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=305}}; {{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and found no sign of IDF concentrations anywhere. He later recalled “I did not find any concrete evidence to support the information received. On the contrary, aerial photographs taken by Syrian reconnaissance on 12 and 13 May showed no change in normal [Israeli] military positions”.<ref>{{harv|El-Gamasy|1993|p=23}}</ref> Upon his return, Fawzi reported directly to Nasser “There is nothing there. No massing of forces. Nothing.”<ref>{{harv|مظهر|1990|p=110}}</ref>
+# Egyptian Chief of Staff’s direct observation and report: General Mouhamad Fawzi, the Egyptian Chief of Staff, was sent to Damascus to verify persistent Syrian complaints about Israeli troop concentrations. Fawzi closely studied aerial photos of the border with Syrian Chief of Staff Ahmad Suweidani<ref>{{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and personally surveyed the border<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=305}}; {{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref> and found no sign of IDF concentrations anywhere. He later recalled “I did not find any concrete evidence to support the information received. On the contrary, aerial photographs taken by Syrian reconnaissance on 12 and 13 May showed no change in normal [Israeli] military positions”.<ref>{{harv|Gamasy|1993|p=23}}</ref> Upon his return, Fawzi reported directly to Nasser “There is nothing there. No massing of forces. Nothing.”<ref>{{harv|مظهر|1990|p=110}}</ref>
 # Chief of Egypt’s military intelligence assessment: Chief of Egypt’s military intelligence, Lt. Gen. Muhammad Ahmad Sadiq, who sent several Israeli Arabs to reconnoiter Northern Galilee said “There are no force concentrations. Nor is there justification, tactical or strategic, for such concentrations.”<ref>{{harv|Oren|2002|p=64}}</ref>
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 * {{Cite book |last=Affairs |first=New Zealand Department of External |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/External_Affairs_Review/8Oc1AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=External Affairs Review |date=1967 |publisher=Department of External Affairs |language=en}}
 * {{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Arab_World/kbEMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Arab World |first1= Kamel |last1= Abu-Jaber |date=1968 |publisher=Arab Information Center}}
-* {{Cite book |last=Jamasī |first=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ghanī |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_October_War/jYVtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The October war: memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt |date=1993 |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |isbn=978-977-424-316-5 |location=Cairo, Egypt}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Gamasy |first=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ghanī |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_October_War/jYVtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The October war: memoirs of Field Marshal El-Gamasy of Egypt |date=1993 |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |isbn=978-977-424-316-5 |location=Cairo, Egypt}}
 * {{Cite book |last=ربيع |first=د حامد |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84/uMelEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=نظرية الأمن القومي العربي والتطور المعاصر للتعامل الدولي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط |publisher=مركز الحضارة للدراسات والبحوث |year= 2022| language=ar}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Arad |first=Uzi B. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Security_and_the_International/54DtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=American Security and the International Energy Situation: Final Report |last2=Smernoff |first2=Barry J. |date=1975 |publisher=National Technical Information Service |language=en}}