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Egypt's blockade of the straits of Tiran

Around noon on May 22, Nasser announced that Egypt would close the Straits of Tiran to “all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials” to Eilat.^[1] Those “strategic goods” included, amongst other things, oil shipments from Iran, which constituted 90% of Israel’s overall oil supply.^[2] The blockade prevented all oil shipments from arriving.^[3] This move was widely regarded by Israel, the US and the “international community” as a casus belli^[4] an act or situation provoking or justifying war. It was seen as the “decisive act that made war inevitable”.^[5] Nasser, in his speech on May 29, went even further with this act that already legally justified war, and stated that the issue was Israel’s “existence,” not merely the Straits of Tiran.^[6]

References

↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Popp 2006, p. 285); (Yemini 2017, p. 249)
↑ (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 224)
↑ (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 27)
↑ (Bregman 2016, p. 393); (Mattar 2005, p. 31); (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Fraser 2018, p. 81); (Cattan 1969, p. 103); (Zipperstein 2024, p. 272); (ربيع 1983, p. 296); (Barker 2023, p. 18); (كميل حبيب. 2002, p. 132); (أحمد 1993, p. 62); (Shemesh 2008, p. 118); (رفعت سيد أحمد. and أحمد، رفعت سيد. 1993, p. 63); (Ruys 2010, p. 277); (شلش 2023, p. 568); (Kubic 2017, p. 145); (Abu-Jaber 1968, p. 13); (Bowett and Petersen 1971, p. 20); (Medzini 2020, p. 134); (Knorr and Morgan, p. 135); (Gat 2005, p. 611); (Aronson 2000, p. 92); (Levitan 2025, p. 8);; (Harris 1983, p. 312); (Shalom 2008, p. 381); (Sandler and Hartley 2003, p. 370); (Gat 2013, p. 615); (Gluska 2007, p. 153); (Evron 2005, p. 44); (Aronson 2010, p. 338); (Affairs 1967, p. 58); (Rikhye 2013, p. 80); (Gelpi 2010, p. 141); (Govrin 2013, p. 313); (Hay 2012, p. 69); (Rabinovich 2009, p. 21); (Hinnebusch 2015); (Sandler 2017, p. 100); (Relations 1975, p. 8–9); (Teveth 1969, p. 19); (Hammond and Alexander 1972, p. 149); (Bar-Siman-Tov 1987, p. 97); (Sela 2002, p. 284); (Arad and Smernoff 1975); ( 2007)
↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306)
↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306)

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[1] (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Popp 2006, p. 285); (Yemini 2017, p. 249)

[2] (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 224)

[3] (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 27)

[4] (Bregman 2016, p. 393); (Mattar 2005, p. 31); (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Fraser 2018, p. 81); (Cattan 1969, p. 103); (Zipperstein 2024, p. 272); (ربيع 1983, p. 296); (Barker 2023, p. 18); (كميل حبيب. 2002, p. 132); (أحمد 1993, p. 62); (Shemesh 2008, p. 118); (رفعت سيد أحمد. and أحمد، رفعت سيد. 1993, p. 63); (Ruys 2010, p. 277); (شلش 2023, p. 568); (Kubic 2017, p. 145); (Abu-Jaber 1968, p. 13); (Bowett and Petersen 1971, p. 20); (Medzini 2020, p. 134); (Knorr and Morgan, p. 135); (Gat 2005, p. 611); (Aronson 2000, p. 92); (Levitan 2025, p. 8);; (Harris 1983, p. 312); (Shalom 2008, p. 381); (Sandler and Hartley 2003, p. 370); (Gat 2013, p. 615); (Gluska 2007, p. 153); (Evron 2005, p. 44); (Aronson 2010, p. 338); (Affairs 1967, p. 58); (Rikhye 2013, p. 80); (Gelpi 2010, p. 141); (Govrin 2013, p. 313); (Hay 2012, p. 69); (Rabinovich 2009, p. 21); (Hinnebusch 2015); (Sandler 2017, p. 100); (Relations 1975, p. 8–9); (Teveth 1969, p. 19); (Hammond and Alexander 1972, p. 149); (Bar-Siman-Tov 1987, p. 97); (Sela 2002, p. 284); (Arad and Smernoff 1975); ( 2007)

[5] (Morris 1999, p. 306)

[6] (Morris 1999, p. 306)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Egypt's blockade of the straits of Tiran ==
-Around noon on May 22, Nasser announced that Egypt would close the Straits of Tiran to “all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials” to Eilat.<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}; {{harv|Popp|2006|p=285}}; {{harv|Yemini|2017|p=249}}</ref> Those “strategic goods” included, amongst other things, oil shipments from Iran, which constituted 90% of Israel’s overall oil supply.<ref>{{harv|Shlaim and Louis|2012|p=224}}</ref> The blockade prevented all oil shipments from arriving.<ref>{{harv|Shlaim and Louis|2012|p=27}}</ref> This move was widely regarded by Israel, the US and the “international community” as a '''casus belli'''<ref>{{harv|Bregman|2016|p=393}}; {{harv|Mattar|2005|p=31}}; {{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}; {{harv|Fraser|2018|p=81}}; {{harv|Cattan|1969|p=103}}; {{harv|Zipperstein|2024|p=272}}; {{harv|ربيع|1983|p=296}}; {{harv|Barker|2023|p=18}}; {{harv|كميل حبيب.|2002|p=132}}; {{harv|Aron|2002|p=133}}; {{harv|أحمد|1993|p=62}}; {{harv|Shemesh|2008|p=118}}; {{harv|رفعت سيد أحمد. and أحمد، رفعت سيد.|1993|p=63}}; {{harv|Ruys|2010|p=277}}; {{harv|شلش|2023|p=568}}; {{harv|Kubic|2017|p=145}}; {{harv|Abu-Jaber|1968|p=13}}; {{harv|Bowett and Petersen|1971|p=20}}; {{harv|Medzini|2020|p=134}}; {{harv|Knorr and Morgan|p=135}}; {{harv|Gat|2005|p=611}}; {{harv|Aronson|2000|p=92}}; {{harv|Levitan|2025|p=8}};; {{harv|Harris|1983|p=312}}; {{harv|Shalom|2008|p=381}}; {{harv|Sandler and Hartley|2003|p=370}}; {{harv|Gat|2013|p=615}}; {{harv|Gluska|2007|p=153}}; {{harv|Evron|2005|p=44}}; {{harv|Aronson|2010|p=338}}; {{harv|Affairs|1967|p=58}}; {{harv|Rikhye|2013|p=80}}; {{harv|Gelpi|2010|p=141}}; {{harv|Govrin|2013|p=313}}; {{harv|Hay|2012|p=69}}; {{harv|Rabinovich|2009|p=21}}; {{harv|Hinnebusch|2015}}; {{harv|Sandler|2017|p=100}}; {{harv|Relations|1975|p=8–9}}; {{harv|Teveth|1969|p=19}}; {{harv|Hammond and Alexander|1972|p=149}}; {{harv|Bar-Siman-Tov|1987|p=97}}; {{harv|Sela|2002|p=284}}; {{harv|Arad and Smernoff|1975}}; {{harv||2007}}</ref> an act or situation provoking or justifying war. It was seen as the “decisive act that made war inevitable”.<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}</ref> Nasser, in his speech on May 29,  went even further with this act that already legally justified war, and stated that the issue was Israel’s “existence,” not merely the Straits of Tiran.<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}</ref>
+Around noon on May 22, Nasser announced that Egypt would close the Straits of Tiran to “all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials” to Eilat.<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}; {{harv|Popp|2006|p=285}}; {{harv|Yemini|2017|p=249}}</ref> Those “strategic goods” included, amongst other things, oil shipments from Iran, which constituted 90% of Israel’s overall oil supply.<ref>{{harv|Shlaim and Louis|2012|p=224}}</ref> The blockade prevented all oil shipments from arriving.<ref>{{harv|Shlaim and Louis|2012|p=27}}</ref> This move was widely regarded by Israel, the US and the “international community” as a '''casus belli'''<ref>{{harv|Bregman|2016|p=393}}; {{harv|Mattar|2005|p=31}}; {{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}; {{harv|Fraser|2018|p=81}}; {{harv|Cattan|1969|p=103}}; {{harv|Zipperstein|2024|p=272}}; {{harv|ربيع|1983|p=296}}; {{harv|Barker|2023|p=18}}; {{harv|كميل حبيب.|2002|p=132}}; {{harv|أحمد|1993|p=62}}; {{harv|Shemesh|2008|p=118}}; {{harv|رفعت سيد أحمد. and أحمد، رفعت سيد.|1993|p=63}}; {{harv|Ruys|2010|p=277}}; {{harv|شلش|2023|p=568}}; {{harv|Kubic|2017|p=145}}; {{harv|Abu-Jaber|1968|p=13}}; {{harv|Bowett and Petersen|1971|p=20}}; {{harv|Medzini|2020|p=134}}; {{harv|Knorr and Morgan|p=135}}; {{harv|Gat|2005|p=611}}; {{harv|Aronson|2000|p=92}}; {{harv|Levitan|2025|p=8}};; {{harv|Harris|1983|p=312}}; {{harv|Shalom|2008|p=381}}; {{harv|Sandler and Hartley|2003|p=370}}; {{harv|Gat|2013|p=615}}; {{harv|Gluska|2007|p=153}}; {{harv|Evron|2005|p=44}}; {{harv|Aronson|2010|p=338}}; {{harv|Affairs|1967|p=58}}; {{harv|Rikhye|2013|p=80}}; {{harv|Gelpi|2010|p=141}}; {{harv|Govrin|2013|p=313}}; {{harv|Hay|2012|p=69}}; {{harv|Rabinovich|2009|p=21}}; {{harv|Hinnebusch|2015}}; {{harv|Sandler|2017|p=100}}; {{harv|Relations|1975|p=8–9}}; {{harv|Teveth|1969|p=19}}; {{harv|Hammond and Alexander|1972|p=149}}; {{harv|Bar-Siman-Tov|1987|p=97}}; {{harv|Sela|2002|p=284}}; {{harv|Arad and Smernoff|1975}}; {{harv||2007}}</ref> an act or situation provoking or justifying war. It was seen as the “decisive act that made war inevitable”.<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}</ref> Nasser, in his speech on May 29,  went even further with this act that already legally justified war, and stated that the issue was Israel’s “existence,” not merely the Straits of Tiran.<ref>{{harv|Morris|1999|p=306}}</ref>
 == References ==
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/20211125_20211125_1509 |title=نظرية الأمن القومي العربي والتطور المعاصر للتعامل الدولي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط |vauthors=((ربيع, د. ح.)) |date=1 August 1983 |publisher=مركز الحضارة للدراسات والبحوث}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Arad |first=Uzi B. |url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA028479 |title=American Security and the International Energy Situation: Final Report |last2=Smernoff |first2=Barry J. |date=1975 |publisher=National Technical Information Service |language=en}}
-* {{cite book |url=https://www.routledge.com/De-Gaulle-Israel-and-the-Jews/Aron/p/book/9780765809254 |title=De Gaulle, Israel, and the Jews |vauthors=((Aron, R.)) |date=30 June 2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7658-0925-4}}
 * {{Cite journal |last=Aronson |first=Shlomo |date=May 2000 |title=Israel's nuclear programme, the six day war and its ramifications |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537120008719573 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3-4 |pages=83–95 |doi=10.1080/13537120008719573 |issn=1353-7121}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Aronson |first=Shlomo |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511762437/type/book |title=David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish Renaissance |date=2010-11-01 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-19748-9 |edition=1 |translator-last=Greenwood |translator-first=Naftali |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511762437}}
@@ Line 24: / Line 23: @@
 * {{Cite journal |date=2014-06-03 |title=Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (Routledge Revivals) |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |journal=Taylor & Francis |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240808000538/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315823393/israel-nuclear-dilemma-routledge-revivals-yair-evron |archive-date=2024-08-08}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Ferris |first=Jesse |url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691155142/nassers-gamble |title=Nasser's Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power |date=2012 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16343-7 |location=Princeton}}
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Fraser, T.)) |date=25 August 2018 |url=https://archive.org/details/arabisraeliconfl0000fras_k8n5 |title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-137-38745-5}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Fraser |first=Thomas |title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-137-38745-5 |edition=1st |location=London}}
 * {{Cite journal |last=Gat |first=Moshe |date=December 2005 |title=Nasser and the Six Day War, 5 June 1967: A Premeditated Strategy or An Inexorable Drift to War? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537120500233714 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=608–635 |doi=10.1080/13537120500233714 |issn=1353-7121}}
 * {{Cite journal |last=Gat |first=Moshe |date=1 October 2013 |title=Anatomy of decline: Anglo-Soviet competition in the Middle East, 1956–67 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537121.2013.829610 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=603–622 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2013.829610 |issn=1353-7121}
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Gelpi, C.)) |date=10 January 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/poweroflegitimac0000gelp |title=The Power of Legitimacy: Assessing the Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-14671-3}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Gelpi |first=Christopher |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Power_of_Legitimacy/eOo9DwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=The Power of Legitimacy: Assessing the Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining |date=2010-01-10 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-14671-3 |language=en}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Gluska |first=Ami |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134163779 |title=The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War |date=2007-02-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-16377-9 |edition=1st |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780203965962}}
 * {{Cite journal |last=Goldstein |first=Yossi |date=2018-09-03 |title=The Six Day War: the war that no one wanted |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=767–784 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 |issn=1353-7121}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Govrin |first=Yosef |title=Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-1-135-25662-3 |series=Cummings Center Series |location=Hoboken}}
 * {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/politicaldynamic0000unse_u7j3 |title=Political dynamics in the Middle East |date=1972 |publisher=American Elsevier Pub. Co |isbn=978-0-444-00110-8 |editor-last=Hammond |editor-first=Paul Y. |series=The Middle East: Economic and political problems and prospects |location=New York |editor-last2=Alexander |editor-first2=Sidney S.}}
-* {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=D. J. |title=Cases and materials on international law |date=1983 |publisher=Sweet & Maxwell |others=United Nations, International Court of Justice |isbn=978-0-421-29270-3 |edition=3rd |location=London}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=David John |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cases_and_Materials_on_International_Law/hMmPAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Cases and Materials on International Law |date=1983 |publisher=Sweet & Maxwell |isbn=978-0-421-29270-3 |language=en}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Hay |first=Jeff |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Arab_Israeli_Six_Day_War/zoBmDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War |date=2012 |publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC |isbn=978-0-7377-6799-5 |series=Perspectives on Modern World History Ser |location=New York, NY}}
 * {{Cite journal |last=Kanovsky |first=E. |date=1968 |title=The Economic Aftermath of the Six Day War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4324262 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=131–143 |issn=0026-3141}}
 * {{cite book |last2=Bawley |first2=Dan |date=1968 |last=Kimche |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/sandstorm0000unse/mode/2up |title=The sandstorm: the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967: prelude and aftermath |publisher=Stein and Day}}
-* {{cite book |vauthors=((Knorr, K. E.)), ((Morgan, P. M.)) |url=https://archive.org/details/strategicmilitar0000unse_s1y5 |title=Strategic Military Surprise: Iniciatives and Opportunities |date=1983 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1-4128-3521-3}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Knorr |first=Klaus Eugen |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Strategic_Military_Surprise/kiVTaqn_Zx4C?hl |title=Strategic Military Surprise: Iniciatives and Opportunities |last2=Morgan |first2=Patrick M. |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1-4128-3521-3 |language=en}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Kubic |first=Milan J. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_Prague_to_Jerusalem/_gLntAEACAAJ?hl=en |title=From Prague to Jerusalem: An Uncommon Journey of a Journalist |date=2017 |publisher=Northern Illinois University Press |isbn=978-0-87580-764-5 |language=en}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Lall |first=Arthur Samuel |url=https://archive.org/details/unmiddleeastcris0000lall_a7c1 |title=The UN and the Middle East crisis, 1967 |date=1970 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-08635-6 |edition= |series=A Columbia paperback, 103 |location=New York}}
-* {{cite book | vauthors=((Laqueur, W.)) | date= 1969 | title=The road to war: the origin and aftermath of the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1967/8 | publisher=Harmondsworth, Penguin | url=http://archive.org/details/roadtowar0000unse}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Laqueur |first=Walter |url=http://archive.org/details/roadtowar0000unse |title=The Road to War: The Origin and Aftermath of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1967/8 |date=1969 |publisher=Penguin |language=en}}
 * {{cite book |url=https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719095252/ |title=The international politics of the Middle East: Second edition |vauthors=((Hinnebusch, R.)) |date=1 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-1-78499-202-6}}
 * {{Cite journal |last=Levitan |first=Nir |date=2025-05-04 |title=In the eye of the storm: Odd Bull and the outbreak of the 1967 war |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411 |journal=Israel Affairs |language=en |publisher= |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=404–415 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2025.2495411 |issn=1353-7121}}
@@ Line 70: / Line 69: @@
 * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/noor-book.com_202204 |title=شاهد على حرب 67 |vauthors=((حديدي, ص. ا.)) |date=1974 |publisher=دار الشروق}}
 * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/20211125_20211125_1509 |title=نظرية الأمن القومي العربي والتطور المعاصر للتعامل الدولي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط |vauthors=((ربيع, د. ح.)) |date=1 August 1983 |publisher=مركز الحضارة للدراسات والبحوث}}
-* {{Cite book |last=أحمد |first=رفعت سيد |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A/t7MVAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=الصراع المائي: الأبعاد الكاملة للصراع حول الماء بين العرب و إسرائيل : الداقع د المستقبل |date=1993 |publisher=دار الهدا، |isbn=978-977-5340-04-7 |language=ar}}
 * {{cite book |url=https://www.dohainstitute.org/ar/BooksAndJournals/Pages/an-ephemeral-event-nablus-under-occupation-1967-1969-memoir-and-documents-of-hamdi-taher-kanaan.aspx |title=شيءٌ عابر...: نابلس تحت الاحتلال (حزيران/ يونيو 1967 - آذار/ مارس 1969) - مذكرات ووثائق حمدي طاهر كنعان |vauthors=((شلش, ب. م.)) |date=2023 |publisher=المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات |isbn=978-614-445-553-1}}
 * {{cite book |last=حديدي |first=صلاح الدين |url=https://archive.org/details/noor-book.com_202204 |title=شاهد على حرب اليمن |date=1984 |publisher=مكتبة مدبولي، |isbn=978-977-13-3028-8 |edition=الطبعة 1}}
 * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/hamlaenglish_gmail_20180319_1336/mode/2up |title=حرب الثلاث سنوات، 1967/1970 :‏ ‏مذكرات الفريق أول محمد فوزي، وزير الحربية الأسبق |vauthors=((فوزي, م.)) |date=1983 |publisher=‏دار المستقبل العربي |edition=الطبعة 1}}
 * {{Cite book |last=حبيب |first=كميل |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3/8YZtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87%20%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87 |title=السلم الإسرائيلي المسلح في أساسه وأهدافه |date=2002 |publisher=المؤسسة الحديثة للكتاب |language=ar}}
-*{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD/LmmBjgEACAAJ?hl=en |title=الفريق مرتجي يروي الحقائق: قائد جبهة سيناء في حرب 1967 |vauthors=((مرتجي, ع. ا. ك.)) |date=1976 |publisher=الوطن العربي}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Murtaji |first=ʻAbd al-Muhsin Kamil |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD/LmmBjgEACAAJ?hl=en |title=الفريق مرتجي يروي الحقائق: قائد جبهة سيناء في حرب 1967 |date=1976 |publisher=الوطن العربي، |language=ar}}
-*{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86/TU9_QgAACAAJ?hl=en |title=اعترافات قادة حرب يونيو : نصوص شهاداتهم امام لجنة تسجيل تاريخ الثورة |vauthors=((مظهر, س.)) |date=1990 |publisher=دار الحرية للصحافة والطباعة والنشر}}
+*{{Cite book |last=مظهر |first=سليمان |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86/TU9_QgAACAAJ?hl=en |title=اعترافات قادة حرب يونيو : نصوص شهاداتهم امام لجنة تسجيل تاريخ الثورة |date=1990 |publisher=دار الحرية للصحافة والطباعة والنشر |language=ar}}
 *{{cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=The Sinai Campaign and after |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica |publisher=Macmillan Reference US |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-judaica-v.-09-her-int/Encyclopaedia%20Judaica%2C%20v.%2002%20%28Alr-Az%29_2/ |edition=Second |volume=10 |pages= |isbn=978-0-02-865928-2}}