User:Project Herzl/Sandbox

Egypt's blockade of the straits of Tiran

Around noon on May 22, Nasser announced that Egypt would close the Straits of Tiran to “all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials” to Eilat.^[1] Those “strategic goods” included, amongst other things, oil shipments from Iran, which constituted 90% of Israel’s overall oil supply.^[2] The blockade prevented all oil shipments from arriving.^[3] This move was widely regarded by Israel, the US and the “international community” as a casus belli^[4]^[5] an act or situation provoking or justifying war. It was seen as the “decisive act that made war inevitable”.^[6] Nasser, in his speech on May 29, went even further with this act that already legally justified war, and stated that the issue was Israel’s “existence,” not merely the Straits of Tiran.^[7]

References

↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Popp 2006, p. 285); (Yemini 2017, p. 249)
↑ (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 224)
↑ (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 27)
↑ (Bregman 2016, p. 393); (Mattar 2005, p. 31); (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Fraser 2018, p. 81); (Cattan 1969, p. 103); (Zipperstein 2024, p. 272); (ربيع 2022, p. 296); (Barker 2023, p. 18); (حبيب 2002, p. 132); (أحمد 1993, p. 62); (Shemesh 2008, p. 118); (Ruys 2010, p. 277); (شلش 2023, p. 568); (Kubic 2017, p. 145); (Abu-Jaber 1968, p. 13); (Bowett and Petersen 1971, p. 20); (Medzini 2020, p. 134); (Knorr and Morgan, p. 135); (Gat 2005, p. 611); (Aronson 2000, p. 92); (Levitan 2025, p. 8);; (Harris 1983, p. 312); (Shalom 2008, p. 381); (Sandler and Hartley 2003, p. 370); (Gat 2013, p. 615); (Gluska 2007, p. 153); (Evron 2005, p. 44); (Aronson 2010, p. 338); (Affairs 1967, p. 58); (Rikhye 2013, p. 80); (Gelpi 2010, p. 141); (Govrin 2013, p. 313); (Hay 2012, p. 69); (Rabinovich 2009, p. 21); (Hinnebusch 2015); (Sandler 2017, p. 100); (Relations 1975, p. 8–9); (Teveth 1969, p. 19); (Hammond and Alexander 1972, p. 149); (Bar-Siman-Tov 1987, p. 97); (Sela 2002, p. 284); (Arad and Smernoff 1975)
↑ "The Sinai Campaign and after". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Macmillan Reference US. 2007. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2.
↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306)
↑ (Morris 1999, p. 306)

Biliography

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Abu-Jaber, Kamel (1968). The Arab World. Arab Information Center.
ربيع, د حامد (2022). نظرية الأمن القومي العربي والتطور المعاصر للتعامل الدولي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط (in Arabic). مركز الحضارة للدراسات والبحوث.
Arad, Uzi B.; Smernoff, Barry J. (1975). American Security and the International Energy Situation: Final Report. National Technical Information Service.
Aronson, Shlomo (May 2000). "Israel's nuclear programme, the six day war and its ramifications". Israel Affairs. 6 (3–4): 83–95. doi:10.1080/13537120008719573. ISSN 1353-7121.
Aronson, Shlomo (2010-11-01). David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish Renaissance. Translated by Greenwood, Naftali (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511762437. ISBN 978-0-521-19748-9.
Barker, Anthony J. (2023). US Foreign Service Women in the Middle East and Islamic North Africa, 1945-2001 (1st ed.). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-031-46756-1.
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Fraser, Thomas (2018). The Arab-Israeli Conflict (1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-137-38745-5.
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Govrin, Yosef (2013). Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption. Cummings Center Series. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-25662-3.
Hammond, Paul Y.; Alexander, Sidney Stuart (1972). Political Dynamics in the Middle East. American Elsevier Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-444-00110-8.
Harris, David John (1983). Cases and Materials on International Law. Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 978-0-421-29270-3.
Hay, Jeff (2012). The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War. Perspectives on Modern World History Ser. New York, NY: Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-0-7377-6799-5.
Kanovsky, E. (1968). "The Economic Aftermath of the Six Day War". Middle East Journal. 22 (2): 131–143. ISSN 0026-3141.
Kimche, David; Bawley, Dan (1968). The sandstorm: the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967: prelude and aftermath. Stein and Day.
Knorr, Klaus Eugen; Morgan, Patrick M. Strategic Military Surprise: Iniciatives and Opportunities. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-3521-3.
Kubic, Milan J. (2017). From Prague to Jerusalem: An Uncommon Journey of a Journalist. Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-87580-764-5.
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Oren, Michael B. (2002). Six days of war: June 1967 and the making of the modern Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515174-9.
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Rikhye, Major General Indar Jit (2013). The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the United Nations Emergency Force Leading. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-27978-2.
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{Cite book 1353-7121}

* '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001E-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFGelpi2010" class="citation book cs1">Gelpi, Christopher (2010-01-10). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Power_of_Legitimacy/eOo9DwAAQBAJ?hl=en ''The Power of Legitimacy: Assessing the Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining'']. Princeton University Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14671-3|<bdi>978-0-691-14671-3</bdi>]].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Legitimacy%3A+Assessing+the+Role+of+Norms+in+Crisis+Bargaining&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14671-3&rft.aulast=Gelpi&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Power_of_Legitimacy%2FeOo9DwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwiki.projectherzl.com%3AUser%3AProject+Herzl%2FSandbox" class="Z3988"> * '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001F-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFGluska2007" class="citation book cs1">Gluska, Ami (2007-02-12). [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134163779 ''The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War''] (1st ed.). Routledge. [[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203965962 10.4324/9780203965962]. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-134-16377-9|<bdi>978-1-134-16377-9</bdi>]].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israeli+Military+and+the+Origins+of+the+1967+War&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-02-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203965962&rft.isbn=978-1-134-16377-9&rft.aulast=Gluska&rft.aufirst=Ami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9781134163779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwiki.projectherzl.com%3AUser%3AProject+Herzl%2FSandbox" class="Z3988"> * '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000020-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2018" class="citation journal cs1">Goldstein, Yossi (2018-09-03). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475 "The Six Day War: the war that no one wanted"]. ''Israel Affairs''. 24 (5): 767–784. [[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13537121.2018.1505475 10.1080/13537121.2018.1505475]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-7121 1353-7121].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Six+Day+War%3A+the+war+that+no+one+wanted&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=767-784&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13537121.2018.1505475&rft.issn=1353-7121&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Yossi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F13537121.2018.1505475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwiki.projectherzl.com%3AUser%3AProject+Herzl%2FSandbox" class="Z3988"> * '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000021-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFGovrin2013" class="citation book cs1">Govrin, Yosef (2013). ''Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967: From Confrontation to Disruption''. Cummings Center Series. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-135-25662-3|<bdi>978-1-135-25662-3</bdi>]].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli-Soviet+Relations%2C+1953-1967%3A+From+Confrontation+to+Disruption&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.series=Cummings+Center+Series&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-25662-3&rft.aulast=Govrin&rft.aufirst=Yosef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwiki.projectherzl.com%3AUser%3AProject+Herzl%2FSandbox" class="Z3988"> * '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000022-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFHammondAlexander1972" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Paul Y.; Alexander, Sidney Stuart (1972). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Political_Dynamics_in_the_Middle_East/DGVtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en ''Political Dynamics in the Middle East'']. American Elsevier Publishing Company. 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[[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141 0026-3141].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Aftermath+of+the+Six+Day+War&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-143&rft.date=1968&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft.aulast=Kanovsky&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4324262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwiki.projectherzl.com%3AUser%3AProject+Herzl%2FSandbox" class="Z3988"> * '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000026-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFKimcheBawley1968" class="citation book cs1">Kimche, David; Bawley, Dan (1968). [https://archive.org/details/sandstorm0000unse/mode/2up ''The sandstorm: the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967: prelude and aftermath'']. 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[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-764-5|<bdi>978-0-87580-764-5</bdi>]].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Prague+to+Jerusalem%3A+An+Uncommon+Journey+of+a+Journalist&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-87580-764-5&rft.aulast=Kubic&rft.aufirst=Milan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FFrom_Prague_to_Jerusalem%2F_gLntAEACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwiki.projectherzl.com%3AUser%3AProject+Herzl%2FSandbox" class="Z3988"> * '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000029-QINU`"'<cite id="CITEREFLall1970" class="citation book cs1">Lall, Arthur Samuel (1970). [https://archive.org/details/unmiddleeastcris0000lall_a7c1 ''The UN and the Middle East crisis, 1967'']. A Columbia paperback, 103. New York: Columbia University Press. 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[1] (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Popp 2006, p. 285); (Yemini 2017, p. 249)

[2] (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 224)

[3] (Shlaim and Louis 2012, p. 27)

[4] (Bregman 2016, p. 393); (Mattar 2005, p. 31); (Morris 1999, p. 306); (Fraser 2018, p. 81); (Cattan 1969, p. 103); (Zipperstein 2024, p. 272); (ربيع 2022, p. 296); (Barker 2023, p. 18); (حبيب 2002, p. 132); (أحمد 1993, p. 62); (Shemesh 2008, p. 118); (Ruys 2010, p. 277); (شلش 2023, p. 568); (Kubic 2017, p. 145); (Abu-Jaber 1968, p. 13); (Bowett and Petersen 1971, p. 20); (Medzini 2020, p. 134); (Knorr and Morgan, p. 135); (Gat 2005, p. 611); (Aronson 2000, p. 92); (Levitan 2025, p. 8);; (Harris 1983, p. 312); (Shalom 2008, p. 381); (Sandler and Hartley 2003, p. 370); (Gat 2013, p. 615); (Gluska 2007, p. 153); (Evron 2005, p. 44); (Aronson 2010, p. 338); (Affairs 1967, p. 58); (Rikhye 2013, p. 80); (Gelpi 2010, p. 141); (Govrin 2013, p. 313); (Hay 2012, p. 69); (Rabinovich 2009, p. 21); (Hinnebusch 2015); (Sandler 2017, p. 100); (Relations 1975, p. 8–9); (Teveth 1969, p. 19); (Hammond and Alexander 1972, p. 149); (Bar-Siman-Tov 1987, p. 97); (Sela 2002, p. 284); (Arad and Smernoff 1975)

[5] "The Sinai Campaign and after". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Macmillan Reference US. 2007. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2.

[6] (Morris 1999, p. 306)

[7] (Morris 1999, p. 306)

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